Windows

There are many types of timber and metal windows available, but the basic operation for both is similar. Fitting insect screens to some types may be difficult or expensive due to the mode of opening. Pivoting types do not allow for fitting of screens at all. **// Note : //**// Construction and installation of all windows shall comply with AS 2047 – 1999‘Windows in buildings – selection and installation’ and the method of denoting hinged side or operation will comply with AS 1100.301 – 1985 ‘Technical drawing Part 301: Architectural drawing’. // 
 * WINDOW TYPES **


 * Window terminology **



The Building Code of Australia (BCA) provides details of requirements for minimum light and ventilation in the section identified as //Part 3.8 Health and Amenity//. The following basic requirements apply to all Class 1 and Class 10 buildings:
 * LIGHT AND VENTILATION **

Natural light to habitable rooms should be: • Not less than 10% of the total floor area of the room. The calculated light transmitting area should be free of obstructions such as glazing bars, frames, etc.; and • The windows should be open to the sky or other external area lit by natural lighting such as a courtyard, carport, patio, verandah, etc. It is also a requirement that windows should be not closer than 900mm from an adjoining allotment boundary as close structures will diminish the amount of natural light available. Calculation of light should be based on individual room floor area or combinations of floor areas where borrowed light is required.
 * LIGHT **

Ventilation is required for all habitable rooms, including separate toilets, bathrooms, shower room, laundry or any other room where a person may occupy a space. Where natural ventilation cannot be accessed, then mechanical means should be used. In these situations an exhaust fan is usually connected to the light switch so the fan will be activated when the light is turned on. Permanent openings, windows, doors, vents, etc., should comply with the following: • The opening section of the fixture should be not less than 5% of the floor area to allow adequate ventilation; and • It should be open to the sky, courtyard, open verandah or patio, carport, etc. Ventilation may come from an adjoining room providing the adjoining room is: • Not a toilet or airlock; • The opening or ventilating area of the adjoining rooms’ fixture is not less than 5% of the room to be ventilated;
 * VENTILATION **

The adjoining room has an opening fixture with a ventilating area of 5% of the combined floor areas of both rooms; and • The ventilation areas specified may be reduced if direct natural ventilation is provided from another source. Calculate the minimum light and ventilation area of a window in a room with a floor area of 4.8 x 3.0m: //Note: Ventilation of a sanitary area, i.e. a toilet, should not be allowed to flow through directly to afood preparation area, such as a kitchen. The sanitary area must not open directly into a food preparation area unless there is an air-lock or other room between them, or the sanitary area is fitted with mechanical exhaust ventilation, which is operated on entry to the sanitary area.//
 * // Example 1: //**
 * // Light = //** 4.8 x 3.0 = **//1.440m²Ventilation =//** 4.8 x 3.0 = **//0.720m²//**

 ** AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS ** All windows must comply with the new AS 2047 – 1999.To comply with the standard, window manufacturers must label all windows with their name, as well as the structural rating and water penetration resistance of the window. A non-removable compliance label must be positioned so that the window can be checked after installation. This will allow easy checks to be made by builders and building surveyors to ensure the windows have been correctly designed for the prevailing conditions within the region. The label should show that the windows are //‘fit for purpose’//, as follows:

The BCA requires a minimum acceptable performance to be demonstrated in the field by construction that is deemed to satisfy its requirements, therefore it must contain a referenced standard to do this, i.e. AS 2047. The standard covers areas, in relation to windows, such as: • Scope; • Performance; • Framing and finishing; • Glazing; • Components; • Construction; • Installation; • Labelling and certificate; and • Various appendices relating to design and protection.
 * Building Code of Australia - BCA **

**Making timber sashes:** Sashes are the fixed or opening frames, which hold the glass within the window frame. The sashes are rebated on the outside to hold individual panes or ‘lights’ of glass. The glass is back-puttied into the rebate and finished with a splayed weathering putty on the outside. The sashes may also be fitted with glazing bars to break up large areas of glass or to hold special coloured or leadlight panes of glass. The sashes and glazing bars are made from durable timbers like those used for the window frames and external panelled doors. Download the document (below) on making timber sashes:



Below is video from a UK manufacturer showing their window machining process. Please not the materials and construction methods are not Australian Standard, but it does show good operational procedures in using spindle moulders and specialised cutters in the machining process and personal OHS practices e.g dust masks hearing protection and hand positions.

media type="youtube" key="4BKB6BKbwYI" height="219" width="392"

Also view the Powerpoint slide show below:

BCF3008A ; Identify Window and door Construction

visit the Glass pages in Year 2 for more details: http://nswshopfitting.wikispaces.com/Glass
 * Glass in Windows:**


 * Useful websites:**

Australian Window Association: [|www.awa.org.au] Airlite windows: [|www.airlite.com.au] Stegbar windows and doors: [|www.stegbar.com.au] Australian Standards publications: [|www.saiglobal.com.au] G James Glass: [|www.gjames.com.au] Pilkingtons Glass: [|www.pilkingtons.co.uk] Australian Glass and Glazing Association: http://aggadirectory.com.au/ Windows Energy Rating System (WERS): [|www.wers.net] Qualital windows and doors (composite aluminium and timber construction): [] **Google search Windows:** http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&q=windows&btnG=Google+Search&meta=cr%3DcountryAU&safe=active